Definition

to be (causatively, make) bitter (or unpleasant); (figuratively) to rebel (or resist; causatively, to provoke)

Etymology

a primitive root;

Where the KJV renders it

• bitter
• change
• be disobedient
• disobey
• grievously
• provocation
• provoke(-ing)
• (be) rebel (against
• -lious)

Every distinct English word the King James Version uses to translate this Hebrew term. The variety shows what readers in English receive across many different surface words — the same underlying word, scattered across the English Bible under different names.

What the first audience heard

A deep-dive treatment of this word is in the works. The featured chapter above carries the long form of what this word meant to its first audience.