Definition

to be (causatively, make) bitter (literally or figuratively)

Etymology

a primitive root; properly, to trickle (see H4752 (מַר)); but used only as a denominative from H4751 (מַר);

Where the KJV renders it

• (be
• be in
• deal
• have
• make) bitter(-ly
• -ness)
• be moved with choler
• have sorely
• it) grieved(-eth)
• provoke
• vex

Every distinct English word the King James Version uses to translate this Hebrew term. The variety shows what readers in English receive across many different surface words — the same underlying word, scattered across the English Bible under different names.

What the first audience heard

A deep-dive treatment of this word is in the works. The featured chapter above carries the long form of what this word meant to its first audience.