Strong’s H7931 · Hebrew

שָׁכַן
shâkan
shaw-kan'

Definition

to reside or permanently stay (literally or figuratively)

Etymology

a primitive root (apparently akin (by transmission) to H7901 (שָׁכַב) through the idea of lodging; compare H5531 (סִכְלוּת), H7925 (שָׁכַם));

Word family

How the KJV renders it

  • abide
  • continue
  • (cause to
  • make to) dwell(-er)
  • have habitation
  • inhabit
  • lay
  • place
  • (cause to) remain
  • rest
  • set (up)

Every distinct English word the King James Version uses to translate this Hebrew term. The variety shows what readers in English receive across many different surface words — the same underlying word, scattered across the English Bible under different names.

What the first audience heard

There’s a layer beneath John’s tent-word that’s worth handling with care, because it’s the kind of detail popular preaching tends to overstate. The Hebrew verb for God dwelling among his people — the verb that lives under the whole tabernacle idea — is שָׁכַן (shakan), built on three consonants: sh-k-n.

Shakan simply means to dwell, to reside, to settle. It’s the verb of taking up residence somewhere — and in the Hebrew Bible it becomes the characteristic word for what God does in the tabernacle. God shakans among his people: he settles, he resides, he takes up dwelling in the middle of the camp. From this verb comes the noun mishkan, “the dwelling,” the tabernacle itself. The verb describes the action; the noun names the structure where the action happens. Shakan is God choosing to live among, rather than above.

Now listen to that verb next to the Greek word John chose in John 1:14. The Greek tent-noun is σκηνή (skēnē) — s-k-n. The Hebrew dwelling-verb is shakansh-k-n. To the ear, they ring strikingly alike. Many readers across the centuries have noticed this and wondered whether John reached for the Greek tent-word partly because it echoes the Hebrew dwelling-word — a kind of cross-language chime, signaling the dwelling-presence of God through a Greek word that sounds like the Hebrew one.

It’s a lovely thought, and it may be right. But honesty matters more than a good story. First, we don’t actually know John intended it. The resemblance is genuine to the ear, but Greek and Hebrew aren’t built from shared roots, so the similarity is more likely coincidence than buried ancestry. Whether John heard the echo and reached for it, or simply chose the natural Greek word for “tabernacle” and the chime is ours to enjoy after the fact, the text doesn’t say. Anyone who declares flatly that John is punning on shakan is claiming to know the inside of his head.

Second, there’s the word shekinah, which often gets attached here. In later Judaism, the visible dwelling-presence of God — the glory that filled the tabernacle and the temple — came to be called the shekinah, from this same root shakan. You’ll hear it said that John 1:14 means “the shekinah came to dwell in Jesus,” and at the level of concept that’s a fair gloss. But the word shekinah never appears in the Hebrew Bible. It surfaces first in the Aramaic Targums and then in the rabbinic writings, much of which is later than John. The idea of God’s dwelling-glory is ancient, biblical, and fully in John’s world; the technical term crystallized afterward. John isn’t quoting a fixed vocabulary word — he’s drawing on the tradition the rabbis would eventually name.

What can be said without overreaching is this: shakan is the verb of God taking up residence among his people, the root behind both the tabernacle and the later shekinah, and the tradition of God dwelling visibly in the camp is what John’s tent-word summons. Whether or not the echo was conscious, the dwelling is unmistakable. The Logos became flesh and shakaned among us.

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